Systematic Evaluation of the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Rural Logistics Capacity and Its Influence on Rural Economic Resilience

The rise of the digital economy necessitates a scientific framework for evaluating rural logistics capacity, a critical enabler of agricultural and rural modernization. This study conceptualizes “rural logistics capacity in the digital economy” and constructs an evaluation system comprising four primary and fourteen secondary indicators. Using provincial panel data from the China Statistical Yearbook (2012–2023) and the entropy-weighted fuzzy matter-element method, we systematically assess the spatiotemporal evolution of China’s rural logistics capacity and empirically examine its direct impact on rural economic resilience. The results show that: (1) Rural logistics capacity in China has improved overall but remains regionally uneven, with persistent bottlenecks in digital infrastructure and operational capabilities; (2) Rural logistics capacity significantly enhances rural economic resilience, with stronger effects observed in western regions and non-major grain-producing areas. These findings suggest that policymakers should adopt region-specific strategies, prioritize digital infrastructure development, promote logistics technology innovation, and strengthen mechanisms for talent cultivation and interregional coordination. Such measures are essential for comprehensively upgrading rural logistics capacity, reinforcing rural economic resilience, and fostering the sustainable development of rural logistics systems.