Geomorphological Mapping as a Key Tool for Geoheritage Protection and Valorisation: A Digital Database for the Adamello Brenta UNESCO Global Geopark (European Alps)

Understanding geomorphological processes and landscape evolution is fundamental for UNESCO Global Geoparks (UGGPs), particularly those located in high-altitude, climate-sensitive areas. Concurrently, UGGPs require effective tools for the conservation, promotion, and management of geodiversity and geoheritage. This paper presents the digital Geomorphological Database (GDB) for the Adamello Brenta UGGp in the European Alps, a GIS-based framework documenting geomorphological processes and landforms across the entire protected area (approx. 1,100 km²). We adopted a consolidated and standardised GDB structure based on the guidelines for the Official Geomorphological Map of Italy at a 1:50,000 scale. Although not specifically designed for mountain areas, this database has proven to be a robust and transferable tool, suitable for documenting the complex Alpine geomorphology of the Geopark. It includes over 20,000 landforms, providing a quantitative knowledge base of the area’s geomorphological diversity. As a dynamic tool, the GDB can be updated with new data and is suitable for future multi-temporal analyses. It provides key support for crucial Geopark tasks, including geodiversity assessment, geoheritage promotion, territorial planning, and educational or geotourism activities. Its utility was successfully tested in the production of high-quality geomorphological maps, the planning of educational activities, land-use planning, and raising geohazard awareness. The GDB of the Adamello Brenta UGGp represents a fundamental scientific and management asset, bridging research with the practical needs of geoheritage protection, education, and sustainable development.