Evaluating the Interpolation Techniques for Completing the Soil Data and Mapping Jazan City, Saudi Arabia, using GIS

The goal of the study is to determine which of the chosen interpolation techniques is optimal for forecasting soil characteristics in unmeasured areas for infrastructure and building projects. The study also incorporates geotechnical data from 23 regional boreholes with the UNESCO soil classification system developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The mapping and accuracy of different interpolation techniques were assessed using ArcGIS 10.4. Additionally, Spline, Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Kriging, Natural Neighbor, and Radial Basis Functions are used to assess the precision and efficacy of several interpolation techniques. The investigation's conclusions showed that the ``natural neighbor'' strategy was the most reliable way to gauge Jazan's soil quality. With 98% accuracy, this approach yielded the lowest RMSE value error rate among the others. Compared to the other methods, this one yielded the lowest RMSE value error rate, and its 98% accuracy rate showed that the R-square validation closely matched the real data. In regions outside the Red Sea, the groundwater table is likewise much lower, at about 0.5 meters below the surface, according to the findings of soil testing. According to the study, sand, clay, and silt make up the majority of the soil in Jazan.