Prevalence and associated factors of thyroid nodules in a health examination cohort: an ultrasound-based cross-sectional study using electronic health records

Thyroid nodules are highly prevalent in this population. We identified a profile of both non-modifiable (e.g., sex, age) and modifiable (e.g., iodine nutrition, obesity, physical activity) correlates. These findings highlight targets for preventive health strategies, though future prospective studies in the general population are warranted to confirm causality.