Evaluation of an H5 influenza virus mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccine in lactating dairy cows

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 virus has recently emerged in dairy cattle in the United States. The virus replicates primarily in the mammary gland of infected cattle, leading to dramatic reductions in milk production. It is thought that the virus transmits from animal to animal through viral shedding in milk, and therefore, vaccines that decrease the amount of virus in milk can potentially limit the current outbreak and reduce the risk of H5N1 spillover into humans. Here, we assess the immunogenicity and efficacy of a clade 2.3.4.4b H5 mRNA-LNP vaccine in lactating dairy cows. We found that the H5 mRNA-LNP vaccine elicited robust antibody responses in sera and milk and significantly reduced viral replication and disease caused by clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 intramammary infection.

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Publication Details

Journal
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
Published
2026-03-04
DOI
https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.03.03.709308
Primary Topic
Influenza Virus Research Studies
Type
article
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article

Evaluation of an H5 influenza virus mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccine in lactating dairy cows

Michaela Kristula, Bailey L. Arruda, Paola Mercedes Boggiatto, Garima Dwivedi et al.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
Influenza Virus Research Studies
article

Evaluation of an H5 influenza virus mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccine in lactating dairy cows

Michaela Kristula, Bailey L. Arruda, Paola Mercedes Boggiatto, Garima Dwivedi, Gary C. Althouse, Charlene M. Dickens, Mohamad‐Gabriel Alameh, Bernadeta Dadonaite, Reilly K. Atkinson, Celeste A. Snyder, Carine Souza, Jefferson J. S. Santos, Giovana Ciacci Zanella, Drew Weissman, Scott E Hensley, Debora B. Goulart, Jesse D. Bloom, Terry L Webb, Mitchell V. Palmer, Amy L. Baker
article en

Abstract

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 virus has recently emerged in dairy cattle in the United States. The virus replicates primarily in the mammary gland of infected cattle, leading to dramatic reductions in milk production. It is thought that the virus transmits from animal to animal through viral shedding in milk, and therefore, vaccines that decrease the amount of virus in milk can potentially limit the current outbreak and reduce the risk of H5N1 spillover into humans. Here, we assess the immunogenicity and efficacy of a clade 2.3.4.4b H5 mRNA-LNP vaccine in lactating dairy cows. We found that the H5 mRNA-LNP vaccine elicited robust antibody responses in sera and milk and significantly reduced viral replication and disease caused by clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 intramammary infection.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (US), Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US), Fred Hutch Cancer Center (US), National Animal Disease Center (US), University of Pennsylvania (US)
Good health and well-being
Openalex Percentile: Top 35%
Influenza Virus Research Studies
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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