Investigations of the voltage-gated Ca++ channels and phosphodiesterase enzyme inhibitory-like potential explain the medicinal use of Otostegia fruticosa in diarrhea and hypermotile gut

The present study is a pilot report on the detailed pharmacodynamics of the antispasmodic effects of the crude extract of <i>O</i>. <i>fruticosa,</i> with possible dual inhibition of the Ca⁺⁺ channels and PDE-like effects, which provides a sound basis for its medicinal usage in hyperactive gut disorders. The <i>O. fruticosa</i> extract was further demonstrated to be effective against both enteric and non-enteric pathogens, which might support its use in the treatment of infectious diarrhea.