Sex differences in vaccine-induced immunity in mice immunized with integrase-defective lentiviral vector delivering the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein
The higher GC reaction in the immunized females can be the trigger for the more persistent and broader nAb response in females compared to males. Our data confirm sex-dependent vaccine-induced immune responses and support the need of appropriate design of vaccine protocols both at the preclinical and clinical levels.
Authors
- Donatella Negri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3437-9288)
- Martina Borghi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6313-0273)
- Maria Franca Pirillo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6186-692X)
- Zuleika Michelini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6841-7396)
- Andrea Canitano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1494-1237)
- Andrea Cara (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4967-1895)
- Ada Zappitelli
- Iole Farina (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6028-9182)
- Alessandra Gallinaro (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7618-8896)
- Chiara Falce (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5499-5062)
- Antonio Di Virgilio
- Mario Picozza
Institutions
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità (IT)
- Center for Global Health (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Published
- 2026-03-04
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1778067
- Primary Topic
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00