Ergonomic Innovation in Selective Persian Lime Harvesting: Validation of a Flexible Harvesting Tool in Agricultural Work Environments of Veracruz, Mexico

Citrus production in Mexico relies predominantly on manual labor and traditional harvesting tools, which are often associated with physical overload, awkward postures, and reduced productivity. This study presents an exploratory, perception-based field evaluation of the BLIMPER, an early-stage ergonomic harvesting prototype designed for selective Persian lime collection. A total of 93 citrus harvesters participated through snowball sampling. A structured 33-item questionnaire was administered, covering five perception dimensions and open-ended comments. The instrument was expert-validated and demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.85). Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Welch’s t-test for gender-based comparisons, and Hedges’ g to estimate the magnitude of the difference between groups. A modified Kano model was applied to classify perceived tool attributes and identify priorities for design refinement. The results indicated that 83–85% of respondents valued material strength, 64–70% approved of the unloading system, and 67–75% perceived reduced fatigue in the shoulders and lower back. The findings should be interpreted as an initial ergonomic validation based on user perceptions under real working conditions, rather than as evidence of readiness for large-scale deployment. The BLIMPER prototype shows potential to improve comfort and posture, while highlighting design aspects—weight distribution, mobility, and material selection—that require further optimization overall.