The role of immune regulation in peripheral nerve regeneration: functions of inflammatory cells and cytokines

The integration of immunology and nerve regeneration research is opening new frontiers for treatment. Harnessing the regenerative potential of the immune system while restraining its detrimental effects-through approaches such as precision modulation of macrophage polarization, neutrophil extracellular trap regulation, and T cell-Schwann cell crosstalk targeting-offers encouraging prospects for overcoming the current challenges in peripheral nerve repair.