Blockchain-enabled dynamic capabilities for supply chain ambidexterity: Empirical evidence from manufacturing firms for enhanced competence and flexibility

This study utilizes the dynamic capability framework to investigate the relationship among Supply chain (SC) adaptability, SC alignment, SC ambidexterity, SC competence, and SC flexibility fit in blockchain technology (BCT) adoption to understand their interactions and contribution to firm performance (FPER). SCs are considered the primary mechanism by which businesses impact all aspects of our daily needs; however, the challenges caused represent an opportunity to integrate BCT, which may fundamentally alter the future of SCs. Anchored in the Dynamic Capability (DC) framework, this study leverages SmartPLS to examine insights from 283 survey participants across manufacturing firms in the UK and US. SC adaptability and SC alignment influence SC ambidexterity; SC ambidexterity positively influences SC flexibility fit, and SC flexibility fit influences SC competence. SC competence has a full mediation influence between SC flexibility fit and FPER. BCT moderates the relationship between SC ambidexterity and SC flexibility fit but not between SC competence and FPER. This study advances knowledge on how BCT deployment shapes supply chains, underscoring the critical role of a robust digital strategy in driving FPER. By reframing the discourse around competencies and strategic alignment, this study not only enriches the literature on digital transformation and supply chains but also opens new avenues for future research and managerial practice. Organizations need to think holistically rather than focusing on acquiring the best IT systems and bombarding employees with training to develop their competencies. • Blockchain-enabled dynamic capabilities enhance supply chain ambidexterity, flexibility fit, and competence. • SC competence mediates the effect of flexibility fit on firm performance. • Blockchain moderates the ambidexterity–flexibility fit relationship. • Holistic digital strategy and alignment of capabilities are critical for leveraging blockchain in supply chains.