An Offline, Multi-Language Code Vulnerability Detection Plugin with Graph Neural Networks and LLM-Guided Explanations

Early detection of software vulnerabilities is essential for building trustworthy and secure systems. Traditional static analysis tools are largely rule-based, leading to high false positive rates and limited adaptability, while modern cloud-based solutions raise privacy, cost, and offline usability concerns. This paper presents VISION-IDE, an offline, multi-language code vulnerability detection plugin for Visual Studio Code that integrates Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) with LLM-guided explanations. Inspired by the VISION framework’s counterfactual augmentation strategy, the proposed system enhances robustness by mitigating spurious correlations in vulnerability datasets. Source code is transformed into unified Code Property Graphs combining AST, CFG, and data flow representations, enabling deep semantic analysis. Detected vulnerabilities are localized and explained using a locally deployed Large Language Model, which generates human-readable explanations and validated code fixes without external data transmission. Experimental evaluation on the NIST Juliet Test Suite demonstrates competitive detection accuracy with low inference latency suitable for real-time IDE integration. The results indicate that combining graph-based learning, counterfactual augmentation, and local LLM explainability provides a practical, privacy-preserving solution for secure software development.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-03-03
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18851934
Primary Topic
Software Engineering Research
Type
article
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article

An Offline, Multi-Language Code Vulnerability Detection Plugin with Graph Neural Networks and LLM-Guided Explanations

Sundari Sravan Kumar, Manthra Chennakesavan, Aarthi Rajavel, Olivia Zaxiyo Christopher
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Software Engineering Research
article

An Offline, Multi-Language Code Vulnerability Detection Plugin with Graph Neural Networks and LLM-Guided Explanations

Sundari Sravan Kumar, Manthra Chennakesavan, Aarthi Rajavel, Olivia Zaxiyo Christopher
article en

Abstract

Early detection of software vulnerabilities is essential for building trustworthy and secure systems. Traditional static analysis tools are largely rule-based, leading to high false positive rates and limited adaptability, while modern cloud-based solutions raise privacy, cost, and offline usability concerns. This paper presents VISION-IDE, an offline, multi-language code vulnerability detection plugin for Visual Studio Code that integrates Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) with LLM-guided explanations. Inspired by the VISION framework’s counterfactual augmentation strategy, the proposed system enhances robustness by mitigating spurious correlations in vulnerability datasets. Source code is transformed into unified Code Property Graphs combining AST, CFG, and data flow representations, enabling deep semantic analysis. Detected vulnerabilities are localized and explained using a locally deployed Large Language Model, which generates human-readable explanations and validated code fixes without external data transmission. Experimental evaluation on the NIST Juliet Test Suite demonstrates competitive detection accuracy with low inference latency suitable for real-time IDE integration. The results indicate that combining graph-based learning, counterfactual augmentation, and local LLM explainability provides a practical, privacy-preserving solution for secure software development.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Openalex Percentile: Top 55%
Software Engineering Research
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An Offline, Multi-Language Code Vulnerability Detection Plugin with Graph Neural Networks and LLM-Guided Explanations — Sundari Sravan Kumar, Manthra Chennakesavan, et al. · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS