Survival, Development, and Reproduction of Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Under a Diurnal Temperature of 33 °C over Three Generations

The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, is an important pest in soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill. To investigate the adaptability of various A. glycines generations to high temperatures, this study assessed various life parameters of A. glycines exposed to a diurnal temperature of 33 °C and a nocturnal temperature of 20 °C (33 °C/20 °C) over three generations, compared to a diurnal temperature of 25 °C and a nocturnal temperature of 20 °C (25 °C/20 °C), by life table approach. The adult survival rates of A. glycines in the first (G1), second (G2), and third generations (G3) at 33 °C/20 °C were found to be lower than those at 25 °C/20 °C. Additionally, exposure to 33 °C/20 °C reduced aphid total longevity, oviposition day, and fecundity for G1, G2, and G3 compared to 25 °C/20 °C. These findings indicate that A. glycines can develop and reproduce at a diurnal temperature of 33 °C across the three tested generations, albeit with variations in certain life parameters compared to 25 °C. The results are important for understanding the adaptability of A. glycines to temperature fluctuations and for predicting the population dynamics of this pest in soybeans in Heilongjiang, China, which is currently experiencing rising environmental temperatures.