Electrochemical genosensor for detection of a mutation in the <i>adenomatous polyposis coli</i> gene (APC 1306)

Colorectal cancer is a type of disease that arises from alterations in the genome, making it challenging to diagnose at an early stage. The difficulty in early detection can com­plicate treatment and lower survival rates. These genomic alterations result in mutations in critical genes, including adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). Some of these mutations, including APC 1306, have been identified as potential biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis. Genosensors offer a promising alternative to these detection methods; however, it is essential to optimize their characteristics, including sensitivity, stability, and reaction conditions, prior to use. In this study, an electrochemical genosensor was deve­loped to detect a specific mutation using voltammetric techniques. The limit of detec­tion was 8.56 pM for cyclic voltammetry and 29.76 pM for differential pulse voltam­metry. The optimal incubation and hybridi­zation temperature were determined to be 55 °C. The geno­sensor remained stable for 14 days, after which its performance gradually declined. The tested electrochemical detection methods demonstrate excellent performance for this type of genosensor, particularly in the presence of doxorubicin. This approach can also be utilized to identify various genetic alterations associated with other chronic degenerative diseases.