A Hybrid Deep Learning Architecture for Intrusion Detection Deploying Multi-Scale Feature Interaction and Temporal Modeling

Network intrusion detection is a core component of modern cybersecurity, but it remains challenging due to highly imbalanced traffic, heterogeneous feature types, and a presence of short-term temporal dependencies in network flows. Traditional machine learning models often rely on handcrafted features and struggle with complex attack patterns, while deep learning approaches may become overly complex or difficult to interpret. In this paper, we propose a neural intrusion detection method that combines structured feature preprocessing with a compact hybrid architecture. Numerical and categorical traffic features are processed separately using robust normalisation and trainable embeddings, and then merged into an unified representation. The proposed model builds on a multi-scale feature interaction block, followed by channel-wise attention and a single bidirectional gated recurrent unit layer with attention pooling to capture short-term temporal behavior. The method is evaluated on two widely used benchmark datasets, i.e., the CIC-IDS2017 and CSE-CIC-IDS2018 dataset. Experimental results show that the proposed approach consistently outperforms the classical machine learning baselines and achieves competitive or superior performance compared to the recent deep learning methods proposed in the literature. The results confirm that the proposed architectural choices effectively capture both feature interactions and temporal patterns in network traffic.

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Publication Details

Journal
AI
Published
2026-03-02
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/ai7030087
Primary Topic
Network Security and Intrusion Detection
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
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article

A Hybrid Deep Learning Architecture for Intrusion Detection Deploying Multi-Scale Feature Interaction and Temporal Modeling

Eva Jakubcová, Maroš Jakubec, Peter Pocta
AI
Network Security and Intrusion Detection
article

A Hybrid Deep Learning Architecture for Intrusion Detection Deploying Multi-Scale Feature Interaction and Temporal Modeling

Eva Jakubcová, Maroš Jakubec, Peter Pocta
article en

Abstract

Network intrusion detection is a core component of modern cybersecurity, but it remains challenging due to highly imbalanced traffic, heterogeneous feature types, and a presence of short-term temporal dependencies in network flows. Traditional machine learning models often rely on handcrafted features and struggle with complex attack patterns, while deep learning approaches may become overly complex or difficult to interpret. In this paper, we propose a neural intrusion detection method that combines structured feature preprocessing with a compact hybrid architecture. Numerical and categorical traffic features are processed separately using robust normalisation and trainable embeddings, and then merged into an unified representation. The proposed model builds on a multi-scale feature interaction block, followed by channel-wise attention and a single bidirectional gated recurrent unit layer with attention pooling to capture short-term temporal behavior. The method is evaluated on two widely used benchmark datasets, i.e., the CIC-IDS2017 and CSE-CIC-IDS2018 dataset. Experimental results show that the proposed approach consistently outperforms the classical machine learning baselines and achieves competitive or superior performance compared to the recent deep learning methods proposed in the literature. The results confirm that the proposed architectural choices effectively capture both feature interactions and temporal patterns in network traffic.

AIVol. 7(3)
University of Žilina (SK)
Openalex Percentile: Top 45%
Network Security and Intrusion Detection
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