SSKEM: A Global Pointer Network Model for Joint Entity and Relation Extraction in Storm Surge Texts

Storm surges are catastrophic marine disasters that pose severe threats to coastal populations, making the rapid extraction of key information from multi-source texts critical for effective emergency response. However, existing extraction methods often struggle with complex linguistic challenges, such as identifying nested entities (e.g., overlapping geographic names), capturing relationships across long texts, and handling the disparity between formal official reports and unstructured social media data. To address these limitations, this study proposes a Storm Surge Knowledge Extraction Model (SSKEM) based on Global Pointer Networks. By constructing a domain-specific dataset of 4000 records from government bulletins, news reports, and social media, the proposed model utilizes a unified matrix decoding mechanism to treat entity and relation extraction as a holistic task. Experimental results demonstrate that the model achieves an F1-score of 88.4%, outperforming robust baseline models by 5.5%. Notably, it improves the recognition accuracy of complex nested entities by 13.7% and enhances the recall rate for cross-sentence relations by 18.2%. Furthermore, the model exhibits high computational efficiency, processing speed suitable for real-time applications, and effectively bridges the performance gap between standardized and fragmented data sources. This research provides a robust technical solution for transforming heterogeneous disaster big data into actionable knowledge for decision-support systems.