Central composite design to optimize the heat transfer rate in unsteady Boger hybrid nanofluid flow over a permeable slow rotating disk

The current study analyzes the heat and mass transfer behaviour of a viscoelastic hybrid nanofluid flowing in a slowly rotating disk embedded in porous media, which is applicable in the field of cooling systems, rotating machines, and energy apparatuses. The analysis considers the interactions between magnetic field, thermal radiation, internal heating or absorption, and chemical reactions on the thermal and flow behaviour. The equations of the physical system are reduced and solved numerically to give the distribution of velocities, temperature, and concentration. The factors that most affect the heat transfer performance are also determined using statistical optimization techniques. Findings indicate that the strength of magnetic fields and porous resistance have a strong negative effect on fluid motions, but the thermal radiations and heat production have a strong positive effect on temperature distributions. The developed predictive model demonstrates excellent accuracy, yielding a standard error of 0.0217362, a coefficient of determination of 99.35%, an adjusted value of 98.77%, and a predicted value of 89.33%. The study shows that the hybrid nanoparticles, when mixed with viscoelastic fluids, can be effectively used in enhancing thermal transport and systematic control of operating parameters can be exercised as well. This work is novel as it combines a rotating disk, hybrid nanofluid behaviour, chemical reactions, and statistical optimization in one framework and is instructive on how to further optimize the thermal management of rotating systems.