Dynamic compensation for sharper cutting force signals: A case study on the veneer peeling process

The accurate measurement of cutting forces is essential for understanding and controlling the wood peeling process, in particular when force measurements are coupled with high-speed visual observation of the cutting zone. However, the dynamic behavior of the embedded dynamometers in the studied micro-peeling machine severely limits the usable measurement bandwidth. This introduces amplitude distortions and phase delays at frequencies associated with critical cutting phenomena such as lathe-check formation. This study presents a complete dynamic characterization of a micro-peeling lathe equipped with two 2-axis piezoelectric dynamometers and applies. A direct inverse filtering approach is applied to compensate for these structural dynamic effects. The frequency response functions of the measurement system are identified through modal analysis using broadband excitation and Welch-averaged spectral estimators. A frequency-domain compensation is designed to extend the effective bandwidth while preserving phase accuracy. The configuration studied combines two tools acting simultaneously in the same cutting zone with a continuous cutting process. No force model of sufficient fidelity is available to serve as a validation reference for this configuration. The compensation is first validated on known inputs, under both impulse-hammer and sinusoidal excitation, showing substantial reductions in amplitude and phase errors across the main resonances. It is then assessed under real peeling conditions at near-industrial cutting speeds. In the absence of a reference model, lathe-check formation is used as a physical landmark, identifiable in both the force signal and the synchronized high-speed images. The compensated signals restore the temporal correlation between force variations and the observed lathe-check events, an alignment that conventional low-pass filtering cannot preserve.