Association of Adiponectin Gene Polymorphism rs266729 in Obese People with Type Two Diabetes Mellitus in North Bulgaria’s Population

The alarming surge in obesity rates represents a critical health concern in developed nations. This condition is associated with several health issues grouped under the term metabolic syndrome. This alarming data mandates an investigation into the causes and risk of this syndrome. One category of causes is genetic factors. The adiponectin gene has been subject to several studies exploring its single nucleotide polymorphisms, especially rs266729, across diverse populations. This study included 156 subjects. Body weight, body mass index, and blood pressure were measured, and levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL were determined. Genotyping was performed. There was significant association of rs266729 polymorphism with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with notably higher frequency of the G allele among these subjects. Additionally, the results demonstrated significant influence on the detected levels of HDL. Individuals carrying the homozygous (GG) and heterozygous (CG) genotypes exhibited a three-fold and two-fold increased risk of elevated FPG levels, respectively. There was also a significant association of these genotypes with T2DM when compared with the wild-type genotype (CC). These observations strongly indicated a potential involvement of the adiponectin gene polymorphism rs266729 in the pathogenesis of T2DM among subjects from North Bulgaria.