Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia following successful treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma in a pediatric patient: a case report and insights into late complications

This case highlights an exceptionally short latency of therapy-related AML as a second malignant neoplasm following modern intensive treatment for high-risk neuroblastoma. It underscores the need for heightened vigilance for secondary malignancies even during the early post-treatment period and emphasizes the importance of long-term surveillance strategies in neuroblastoma survivors. Early recognition and timely allogeneic transplantation may offer curative potential in selected high-risk cases. Despite the overall poor prognosis associated with therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML), this patient achieved long-term survival following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, highlighting the potential for successful outcomes even in high-risk cases.