Identification of gender-based violence among adult patients in the Emergency Department of Tanzania’s largest public hospital: a retrospective review

GBV identification in this ED was extremely low. This likely reflects a combination of underreporting, low provider awareness, poor documentation, and the limitations of using a retrospective, keyword-based record review. A significant proportion involved sexual violence, with notable gaps in post-assault care. Strengthening GBV screening, management, and follow-up protocols in EDs is urgently needed. Future research should use prospective, robust designs.