Generative Artificial Intelligence: Implications for Families and Pediatricians

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, capable of producing original text, images, audio, and video, are increasingly embedded in children's learning, play, and daily life. Pediatric clinicians and parents face the challenge of guiding children toward safe and constructive engagement with these rapidly evolving tools. This state-of-the-art review synthesizes current knowledge regarding opportunities, risks, and best practices related to children's interactions with generative AI. Developmental considerations are emphasized because the impact of AI varies across early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence. We highlight potential benefits, including personalized learning, creative expression, and enhanced communication, while also discussing risks such as misinformation, privacy threats, and false perceptions of AI as a friend or caregiver. Evidence-based strategies are proposed to promote AI literacy, critical thinking, and safe integration of AI into pediatric care and education.