From playground to pixelground: integrating play and e-play for a balanced future of Generation Z and Alpha

Purpose This paper aims to examine the transformation of play from traditional physical activities to digital and hybrid forms among Generation Z and Generation Alpha, with particular attention to its ethical, social and developmental implications. Design/methodology/approach This study adopts a conceptual and interdisciplinary approach, drawing on sociological, psychological and media studies literature, with the self-determination theory as a guiding framework. Ethical analysis is integrated to assess autonomy, well-being and social responsibility in contemporary play practices. Findings While e-play offers cognitive benefits, global connectivity and new forms of participation, it also raises ethical concerns related to embodiment, social depth, exposure to harmful content and excessive screen dependence. Hybrid models of play emerge as ethically preferable solutions. Practical implications This paper offers guidance for parents, educators and policymakers in designing play environments that balance digital engagement with physical activity, social interaction and ethical safeguards. Originality/value This study contributes to the ethics of digital play by framing hybrid play as an ethical response to the challenges posed by persuasive technologies and digitally mediated social interaction.