Determinants of labor epidural analgesia uptake and associations with maternal-neonatal outcomes: a stratified cohort study with risk prediction modeling

Maternal age, parity, and coagulation status are key factors influencing the choice of epidural analgesia. Although epidural analgesia prolongs labor, it does not increase postpartum hemorrhage or other adverse outcomes. These findings support the safety of epidural analgesia and highlight the importance of assessing coagulation function to improve individualized labor management and prevent postpartum complications.