Detection of malicious UAVs based on secure authentication over the Internet of Drones (IoD)

The Internet of Drones (IoD) is experiencing significant growth across military, commercial, and civilian applications due to its unique attributes, including high mobility and three-dimensional movement. However, the reliance on unencrypted wireless communication and the limited computational capabilities of drones makes them vulnerable to various cyber-attacks. These vulnerabilities expose IoD networks to threats such as man-in-the-middle attacks, impersonation, credential leakage, GPS spoofing, and drone hijacking. To address these challenges, the development of a robust and highly secure protocol is essential. This paper presents an innovative approach for detecting malicious drones utilizing the Conversation to Handshake Authentication (CTHA) method. Our proposed solution employs sequential procedures and deep learning techniques to distinguish between legitimate and malicious drones effectively. Furthermore, we incorporate blockchain technology and federated learning to enhance data integrity and resilience against attacks, such as Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. The objective of our solution is to bolster the security and operational integrity of IoD systems. Extensive experimentation validates the effectiveness and accuracy of our proposed method. The findings of this research contribute to the evolving field of UAV security, establishing a foundation for proactive defense mechanisms against malicious activities within the IoD ecosystem.

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Publication Details

Journal
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Published
2026-03-03
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-026-21468-3
Primary Topic
UAV Applications and Optimization
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

Detection of malicious UAVs based on secure authentication over the Internet of Drones (IoD)

May Issa Aldossary, Nahla El-Haggar, Fatemah H. Alghamedy, Faisal Alamri et al.
Multimedia Tools and Applications
UAV Applications and Optimization
article

Detection of malicious UAVs based on secure authentication over the Internet of Drones (IoD)

May Issa Aldossary, Nahla El-Haggar, Fatemah H. Alghamedy, Faisal Alamri, Zeyad M. Alfawaer, Albandari Alsumayt, Anwar D. Alhejaili, Majid Alshammari, Sameer Alghanmi, Amal Abdallah AlShaer, Alanod F. Almiman
article en

Abstract

The Internet of Drones (IoD) is experiencing significant growth across military, commercial, and civilian applications due to its unique attributes, including high mobility and three-dimensional movement. However, the reliance on unencrypted wireless communication and the limited computational capabilities of drones makes them vulnerable to various cyber-attacks. These vulnerabilities expose IoD networks to threats such as man-in-the-middle attacks, impersonation, credential leakage, GPS spoofing, and drone hijacking. To address these challenges, the development of a robust and highly secure protocol is essential. This paper presents an innovative approach for detecting malicious drones utilizing the Conversation to Handshake Authentication (CTHA) method. Our proposed solution employs sequential procedures and deep learning techniques to distinguish between legitimate and malicious drones effectively. Furthermore, we incorporate blockchain technology and federated learning to enhance data integrity and resilience against attacks, such as Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. The objective of our solution is to bolster the security and operational integrity of IoD systems. Extensive experimentation validates the effectiveness and accuracy of our proposed method. The findings of this research contribute to the evolving field of UAV security, establishing a foundation for proactive defense mechanisms against malicious activities within the IoD ecosystem.

Multimedia Tools and ApplicationsVol. 85(3)
Saudi Electronic University (SA), Lincoln University - Missouri (US), Taif University (SA), Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu (SA), University of Jeddah (SA), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (SA), Jubail Industrial College (SA)
Saudi Aramco
Openalex Percentile: Top 38%
UAV Applications and Optimization
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