The relatively universal cover of the natural embedding of the long root geometry for the group <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">SL</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:m

The long root geometry <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>{</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>𝕂</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for the special linear group <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">SL</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>𝕂</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> admits an embedding in the (projective space of) the vector space of the traceless square matrices of order <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> with entries in the field <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>𝕂</mml:mi> </mml:math> , usually regarded as the natural embedding of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>{</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>𝕂</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . S. Smith and H. Völklein in [10] have proved that the natural embedding of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>{</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>𝕂</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is relatively universal if and only if <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>𝕂</mml:mi> </mml:math> is either algebraic over its minimal subfield or perfect with positive characteristic. They also give some information on the relatively universal embedding of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>{</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>𝕂</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> which covers the natural one, but that information is not sufficient to exhaustively describe it. The “if” part of Smith-Völklein’s result also holds true for any <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:math> , as proved by Völklein in [13] in his investigation of the adjoint modules of Chevalley groups. In this paper we give an explicit description of the relatively universal embedding of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>{</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>𝕂</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> which covers the natural one. In particular, we prove that this relatively universal embedding has (vector) dimension equal to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>𝔡</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> where <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>𝔡</mml:mi> </mml:math> is the transcendence degree of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>𝕂</mml:mi> </mml:math> over its minimal subfield (if <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">char</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>𝕂</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) or the generating rank of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>𝕂</mml:mi> </mml:math> over <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>𝕂</mml:mi> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> (if <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">char</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>𝕂</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ). Accordingly, both the “if” and the “only if” part of Smith-Völklein’s result hold true for every <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow>

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Journal
Algebraic Combinatorics
Published
2026-03-03
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5802/alco.473
Primary Topic
Matrix Theory and Algorithms
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article
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article

The relatively universal cover of the natural embedding of the long root geometry for the group <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">SL</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:m

Antonio Pasini, Ilaria Cardinali, Luca Giuzzi
Algebraic Combinatorics
Matrix Theory and Algorithms
article

The relatively universal cover of the natural embedding of the long root geometry for the group <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">SL</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:m

Antonio Pasini, Ilaria Cardinali, Luca Giuzzi
article en

Abstract

The long root geometry <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>{</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>𝕂</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for the special linear group <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">SL</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>𝕂</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> admits an embedding in the (projective space of) the vector space of the traceless square matrices of order <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> with entries in the field <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>𝕂</mml:mi> </mml:math> , usually regarded as the natural embedding of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>{</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>𝕂</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . S. Smith and H. Völklein in [10] have proved that the natural embedding of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>{</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>𝕂</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is relatively universal if and only if <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>𝕂</mml:mi> </mml:math> is either algebraic over its minimal subfield or perfect with positive characteristic. They also give some information on the relatively universal embedding of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>{</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>𝕂</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> which covers the natural one, but that information is not sufficient to exhaustively describe it. The “if” part of Smith-Völklein’s result also holds true for any <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:math> , as proved by Völklein in [13] in his investigation of the adjoint modules of Chevalley groups. In this paper we give an explicit description of the relatively universal embedding of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>{</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>𝕂</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> which covers the natural one. In particular, we prove that this relatively universal embedding has (vector) dimension equal to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>𝔡</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> where <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>𝔡</mml:mi> </mml:math> is the transcendence degree of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>𝕂</mml:mi> </mml:math> over its minimal subfield (if <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">char</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>𝕂</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) or the generating rank of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>𝕂</mml:mi> </mml:math> over <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>𝕂</mml:mi> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> (if <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">char</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>𝕂</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ). Accordingly, both the “if” and the “only if” part of Smith-Völklein’s result hold true for every <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow>

Algebraic CombinatoricsVol. 9(1)
University of Siena (IT), University of Brescia (IT)
Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica "Francesco Severi", Gruppo Nazionale per le Strutture Algebriche, Geometriche e le loro Applicazioni
Openalex Percentile: Top 36%
Matrix Theory and Algorithms
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