Distance Between Cubics and Rationals
Abstract We investigate the following problem: what is the smallest possible distance between a cubic irrational $$\xi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>ξ</mml:mi> </mml:math> and a rational number p / q in terms of the height $$H(\xi )$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ξ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and q ? More precisely, we consider the set $$D_{3,1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> consisting of all pairs ( u , v ) of positive real numbers such that $$|\xi - p/q| > cH^{-u}(\xi )q^{-v}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ξ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mo>></mml:mo> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ξ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for all cubic irrationals $$\xi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>ξ</mml:mi> </mml:math> and rationals p / q . First, we transform this problem into one about the root separation of cubic polynomials. Second, under the assumption of the famous abc-conjecture, we give an almost complete description of $$D_{3,1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> . Namely, the points ( u , v ) with $$2\leqslant v\leqslant 3$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>⩽</mml:mo> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⩽</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> that lie in the interior of $$D_{3,1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> are characterised by the inequality $$u> 10-3v$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>></mml:mo> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Assuming only the weaker Hall conjecture, we also obtain nontrivial results about the shape of $$D_{3,1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , although these are not as strong as those derived from the abc-conjecture. Finally, we discuss an analogue of the set $$D_{3,1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> in function fields where we are able to give an almost complete description unconditionally.
Authors
- Dmitry Badziahin
Institutions
- The University of Sydney (AU)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Results in Mathematics
- Published
- 2026-03-03
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00025-026-02616-5
- Primary Topic
- Analytic Number Theory Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00