Distance Between Cubics and Rationals

Abstract We investigate the following problem: what is the smallest possible distance between a cubic irrational $$\xi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>ξ</mml:mi> </mml:math> and a rational number p / q in terms of the height $$H(\xi )$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ξ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and q ? More precisely, we consider the set $$D_{3,1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> consisting of all pairs ( u , v ) of positive real numbers such that $$|\xi - p/q| &gt; cH^{-u}(\xi )q^{-v}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ξ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ξ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for all cubic irrationals $$\xi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>ξ</mml:mi> </mml:math> and rationals p / q . First, we transform this problem into one about the root separation of cubic polynomials. Second, under the assumption of the famous abc-conjecture, we give an almost complete description of $$D_{3,1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> . Namely, the points ( u , v ) with $$2\leqslant v\leqslant 3$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>⩽</mml:mo> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⩽</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> that lie in the interior of $$D_{3,1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> are characterised by the inequality $$u&gt; 10-3v$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Assuming only the weaker Hall conjecture, we also obtain nontrivial results about the shape of $$D_{3,1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , although these are not as strong as those derived from the abc-conjecture. Finally, we discuss an analogue of the set $$D_{3,1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> in function fields where we are able to give an almost complete description unconditionally.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
Results in Mathematics
Published
2026-03-03
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00025-026-02616-5
Primary Topic
Analytic Number Theory Research
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

Distance Between Cubics and Rationals

Dmitry Badziahin
Results in Mathematics
Analytic Number Theory Research
article

Distance Between Cubics and Rationals

Dmitry Badziahin
article en

Abstract

Abstract We investigate the following problem: what is the smallest possible distance between a cubic irrational $$\xi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>ξ</mml:mi> </mml:math> and a rational number p / q in terms of the height $$H(\xi )$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ξ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and q ? More precisely, we consider the set $$D_{3,1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> consisting of all pairs ( u , v ) of positive real numbers such that $$|\xi - p/q| &gt; cH^{-u}(\xi )q^{-v}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ξ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ξ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for all cubic irrationals $$\xi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>ξ</mml:mi> </mml:math> and rationals p / q . First, we transform this problem into one about the root separation of cubic polynomials. Second, under the assumption of the famous abc-conjecture, we give an almost complete description of $$D_{3,1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> . Namely, the points ( u , v ) with $$2\leqslant v\leqslant 3$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>⩽</mml:mo> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⩽</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> that lie in the interior of $$D_{3,1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> are characterised by the inequality $$u&gt; 10-3v$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Assuming only the weaker Hall conjecture, we also obtain nontrivial results about the shape of $$D_{3,1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , although these are not as strong as those derived from the abc-conjecture. Finally, we discuss an analogue of the set $$D_{3,1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> in function fields where we are able to give an almost complete description unconditionally.

Results in MathematicsVol. 81(3)
The University of Sydney (AU)
Openalex Percentile: Top 31%
Analytic Number Theory Research
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.