Physicochemical properties of different bamboo species and their evaluation for pulping potential

To enhance the role of bamboo as a high-yield timber substitute, this study evaluates the silvicultural potential and pulping properties of Dendrocalamus minor var. amoenus, Bambusa chungii, and Bambusa emeiensis. Analysis of fiber morphology across all species met industrial standards (lengths > 1.6 mm, ratios > 100), with D. minor var. amoenus exhibiting superior morphological characteristics (3 mm length; 174.14 ratio). Chemical profiling and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified B. emeiensis as the premier raw material, driven by its high cellulose (56.31%) and low ash (1.30%) content. Investigation into age-related variations revealed that fiber quality (P > 0.05) and cellulose content(P < 0.05) decrease with maturity, while lignin content generally increases (P < 0.05). Although 1-year-old culms offer peak technical properties for papermaking, harvesting at this stage compromises forest regeneration and long-term stand productivity. Consequently, from a resource management perspective, this study recommends a 2-year harvesting cycle to achieve an optimal balance between material quality and sustainable forest utilization. These findings provide a scientific framework for optimizing bamboo plantation management, supporting the transition toward a bamboo-based economy and providing a renewable, low-carbon alternative to traditional wood pulp.