Design and Analysis of Square and Torus ring Shaped Material - Unit cells for X-Band Reflectarray

A Reflectarray antenna is considered a hybrid antenna fed with microstrip, and elements of the antenna are designed to comprise features of both reflector and phased array antennas. Elements of the antennas are made such that the materials are comprised of micro strip patch elements and are printed on Roger 5880, a lossy material with a dielectric of 2.2. Comparative analysis of the unit cell geometry of the Reflectarray antenna is demonstrated for both square patch and Torus ring material-based configurations. Torus ring and square patch material-based configurations are proposed and designed to operate within the X-band frequency range of 8-12 GHz. Simulation results are provided for these configurations, demonstrating the return loss, bandwidth, and phase reflection curve, also known as the 'S' curve. Among these configurations, the Torus patch material-based configuration showed favorable results for phase linearity. These configurations are considered to develop reflectarray antennas with superior performance characteristics.