Impact of Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles on Growth, Survival Rate and Immune Response of Nile Tilapia

Background: Aquaculture is a vital sector in global food production, with Nile tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) being a widely cultivated and consumed fish species due to its adaptability and economic importance. However, challenges such as inadequate farming practices, poor feed quality, and disease outbreaks impact its production and sustainability. Selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) have emerged as potential dietary supplements in aquaculture due to their antioxidant and immune-boosting properties. Methods: This systematic review summarized findings from 16 peer-reviewed studies published between 2018 and 2024 to investigate the effects of Se-NPs on the fish’s overall health and disease resistance. It highlights different synthesis methods, optimal supplementation levels, and their impact on fish survival, immune system, and growth performance. Results: The findings revealed that Se-NPs, particularly at concentrations around 1 mg/kg, significantly enhance tilapia health and productivity while minimizing toxicity risks.However, the effects of 1.5 mg/kg and above are understated. In a nutshell, Se-NPs at optimal levels of around 1 mg/kg improve fish's health, immunity, and growth, thus being a promising dietary supplement in aquaculture. However, the effects of higher concentrations (≥1.5 mg/kg) are unknown and require further research to establish their safety and efficacy. Conclusion: Se-NPs promise to enhance Nile tilapia’s growth performance, immune response, and overall health in aquaculture. Therefore, incorporating Se-NPs into fish diets can improve survival rates and better nutrient absorption, addressing common farming challenges. However, there is a need for further research to optimize the use of Se-NPs, ultimately promoting sustainable practices and food security in aquaculture. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59564/amrj/03.02/0011