Associations of Gestational Diabetes, Multiparity, and Hyperlipidemia with Preeclampsia

Background: Preeclampsia is a multifactorial disorder of hypertension and proteinuria, which has a global prevalence of 2-8% of pregnancies. Its pathogenesis is still unclear, and the major risk factors are obesity, nulliparity, and preliminary hypertension. Present study was aimed to analyze associated risk factors and altered levels of hematology and serum lipids in preeclampsia patients. Methods: This case-control study was conducted at the Institute of Biochemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro. The study was carried out from June 2024 to May 2025. Pregnant women, 75 with preeclampsia (Preeclampsia patients) and 75 without preeclamopsia (controls) were included. Blood samples (5 ml) were collected from participants to analyze hematology and lipid profile along with questionnaire. SPSS version 21 was used for statistical analysis, p value <0.05 for level was the level of significance at 95% confidence interval. Results: The study presents an overview of the comparative analysis of complete blood count, altered serum lipid levels, and associated risk factors including gestational diabetes, multiparity, microcytic anemia, and hyperlipidemia were found among preeclampsia patients. It also highlights major differences in parameters like hemoglobin, RBCs, platelets, monocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes in preeclampsia patients and healthy controls. Conclusion: Gestational diabetes, multiparity, microcytic anemia, and hyperlipidemia are positively associated with preeclampsia. High salt intake and red meat consumption are also significantly positively associated with preeclampsia disease. What these results show is that preeclampsia isn't caused by just one thing, it's a mixture of factors and that pushes hard for thorough prenatal screening of metabolic problems and blood abnormalities. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59564/amrj/03.04/008