THE IMPORTANCE OF MICROORGANISMS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF GASTRITIS, PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE, AND COLITIS

This scientific article analyzes the role of microorganisms in the pathogenesis of gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcer disease, and colitis based on reliable contemporary scientific literature. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the development of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. The relationship between intestinal microbiota imbalance and inflammatory processes in the colonic mucosa is also examined. The contribution of Escherichia coli, Clostridioides difficile, and other opportunistic microorganisms to the development of colitis is discussed. The findings demonstrate that microbial factors play a crucial etiological and pathogenetic role in gastrointestinal diseases and should be carefully considered in modern diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic strategies.