Empirical Testing of Quantum-Like Contextuality in Mass Consciousness Structures: Analysis of ESS9 Data

This article presents a comprehensive empirical test of the applicability of quantum theory apparatus for modelling social attitudes based on data from the 9th round of the European Social Survey (ESS9 MTMM). The work implements a dual analytical design: (1) testing the Bell inequality in the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) modification to detect non-classical contextual correlations, and (2) a critical analysis of Classical Test Theory (CTT) through the lens of MTMM models. The results demonstrate that the system of political attitudes remains within the classical limit (|S| ≤ 2). A key finding is the pervasive violation of classical MTMM validity criteria across all 29 participating countries.