Anxiolytic and Antidepressant Potential of Euryale Ferox Seeds; A Pre-clinical Study

Objective: The current study was designed to assess the anxiolytic and anti-depressant effects of Euryale ferox seeds in mice. Methods: The study included a Control group, a Reference group (Diazepam & Fluoxetine), and two Test groups. Anxiolytic effects were evaluated using the Light/Dark Box and Hole Board tests, while the anti-depressant effect was assessed using the Forced Swim Test. Euryale ferox seeds demonstrated significant, dose-dependent anti-depressant and anxiolytic effects compared to diazepam andfluoxetine. The seeds showed promise as a potential therapeutic agent. Results: Euryale ferox extract (EEFx) at 500 and 1000 mg/kg showed significant anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in mice at p < 0.05. It increased time spent in the light area, exploratory behavior, and reduced latency to first poke and immobility time in the Forced Swim Test, comparable to diazepam and fluoxetine, indicating reduced anxiety and depression. Conclusion: The present work evidenced a significant dose-dependent effect, demonstrating anxiolytic and anti-depressant effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Euryale ferox seeds. Investigations into benzodiazepine-type receptors, noradrenergic mechanisms, and the roles of different phytoconstituents present in fox nuts seed extract are recommended to understand the observed effectsand their relation to brain biogenic amines.