Ultrasound assisted aqua-mediated synthesis of novel [1]benzopyrano[b]dioxolo[g]quinolines with promising antioxidant activities using Cu/ZnO@GO nanocatalyst

This study introduces an efficient and reliable approach for synthesizing innovative [1]benzopyrano[b]dioxolo[g]quinolines via an expeditious sonochemical treatment in the presence of Cu-doped ZnO-graphene oxide nanocomposite (Cu/ZnO@GO). Accordingly, various factors, including sonication intensity and duration, choice of solvents, and catalyst involvement, were analyzed to establish the best operational parameters. Employing efficient ultrasonic irradiation as a replacement energy source and water as an eco-compatible solvent, the primary benefits include its straightforward operation, the possibility of catalyst reuse, a significantly reduced reaction time, and the attainment of high product yields. The assessment of antioxidant potential was carried out for the synthesized compounds, and among them, compound 4e showed the strongest effect. Compounds 4a and 4c were also demonstrated to be moderately potent antioxidant agents.