Investigation on 3D printing and injection molding of intrauterine devices with antimicrobial and anticancer activity

Advances in women’s health are essential for global development, as they directly improve health outcomes, economic productivity, and gender equality. Vaginal infections and related gynecological diseases remain a major global health concern, disproportionately affecting women of reproductive age. These infections are primarily of microbial origin, caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses, and are associated with significant morbidity and long-term reproductive health consequences. Among the most common are vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), bacterial vaginosis (BV), and viral infections such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human papillomavirus (HPV), which is directly linked with cervical cancer. Therefore, the present work investigated the influence of manufacturing processes and polymer type on the physicochemical, mechanical, and drug release properties of multidrug intrauterine devices (IUDs) incorporating fluorouracil (FU), copper sulfate (CuSO₄), and silver sulfadiazine (AgSD). Devices were produced by injection molding (IM) using low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and by 3D printing using ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed successful drug incorporation, while Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) indicated reduced Drug release assays demonstrated biphasic kinetics, with an initial burst followed by sustained release. These controlled-release characteristics, combined with mechanical robustness, suggest the devices herein presented provide a reliable platform for high production of long-term, multi-drug intrauterine delivery as adaptable systems for localized, sustained treatment in gynecological applications for improving women`s health. Women’s health is gaining attention with advancements in medical research and technology focus on addressing unique healthcare challenges and improving the overall well-being of women. We propose the development and manufacturing of 3D printed and injection molded single and multidrug intravaginal rings with fluorouracil, silver sulfadiazine and copper sulphate. Devices can act as a prophylaxis treatment against microorganisms and cancer infections in the women’s health context, acting as an innovative method of treatment. Multiphase drug release was verified with promising results within the prophylactic and prolonged release.