Simultaneous Determination of Cadmium and Lead by Syringe-to-Syringe Dispersive Liquid-Phase Microextraction-Solidified Floating Organic Drop Combined with Electrothermal Vaporization-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

This study investigates the determination of trace amounts of Cd and Pb in environmental samples using solidified floating organic drop microextraction combined with electrothermal vaporization and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Under optimized conditions, calibration curves were obtained for Cd and Pb with determination coefficients of 0.9975 and 0.9983, respectively, in the ranges of 0.01–22.00 and 0.02–25.00 ng/L. The analytical microextraction parameters were investigated and optimized for efficiency. The limits of detection were 0.0017 ng/mL for Cd and 0.00219 ng/mL for Pb. The enhancement factors were calculated as 342 for Cd and 351 for Pb. Within-day and between-day repeatability for Cd and Pb were 0.11 and 0.19%, and 0.09 and 0.15%, respectively, demonstrating that the proposed approach is highly repeatable. The methodology was used to determine Cd and Pb in mineral, river, and lake water samples.