Modeling a High-Efficiency BMS for Light Electromobility and Energy Storage in Critical Environments

Recent advances in energy storage systems and in increasingly efficient, safe, and energy-dense cell chemistries have driven the need for commercial Battery Management System (BMS) architectures with greater control, data acquisition, and communication capabilities, primarily oriented towards customization. This demand introduces a significant change in how electrical systems are modeled and simulated when they integrate active electrochemical elements such as lithium-ion cells. This work presents the development and modeling of a BMS for critical and high-efficiency applications, based on active balancing techniques and incorporating an additional safety stage to respond to failures when charging LiFePO4 cells. The electrochemical model was built using an equivalent RLC circuit and RC pairs to represent the Thevenin response of the cell. For the simulation of active balancers, LTspice was employed, while charging and discharging processes and their effects on state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) were complemented through analysis in MATLAB R2024a.The proposed approach offers an efficient tool for evaluating cell dynamics and validating battery management strategies in demanding scenarios. While the current approach prioritizes the individual modeling of electrical conversion systems, our framework presents an innovative multisystem macromodel, where not only is the electrical behavior simulated but also the control, efficiency, and safety of the system are determined, prioritizing reproducibility through SPICE tools.