Characteristics of adverse reactions to kratom and implementation of harm reduction strategies in a sample of ethnobotanical tea bar patrons in Colorado

Adverse reactions to kratom may be associated with certain contextual factors. Several techniques are reportedly used to mitigate adverse reactions, but the efficacy of these techniques is unknown. More data are needed to understand the causes and consequences of adverse reactions to kratom, and to better understand potential harm reduction strategies for reducing adverse experiences. More research could also shed light on the extent to which kratom serving size and various product formulations (e.g. whole leaf vs. extracts) are predictive of adverse effects.