Association of endocrine immune-related adverse events with progression-free survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors with or without anlotinib

In this single-center cohort, endocrine irAEs functioned as dynamic on-treatment indicators but did not confer a clear PFS advantage after bias-aware modeling. Given the limited sample size, these findings are exploratory and require further prospective validation.