Redefining Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Treatment in the Modern Era

Contemporary OSA management is shifting from a CPAP-centric model toward a precision-guided, multimodal framework that aligns therapy with dominant anatomic and physiological contributors to airway collapse. Integrating metabolic, neuromodulatory, and structural interventions-often in combination-offers the potential for durable disease control and improved patient-centered outcomes. Future priorities include head-to-head and combination trials, long-term cardiovascular outcomes, cost-effectiveness analyses, and pragmatic tools to operationalize personalized OSA therapy in routine clinical practice.