Optimization Strategy for Primary Frequency Regulation Coefficients Based on Grid Integration of New Energy Sources

The high penetration of wind power, photovoltaic, and energy storage not only presents opportunities for green and low-carbon development, but also poses significant challenges to frequency regulation. During primary frequency regulation (PFR), improper deadband settings may cause delayed or inadequate frequency responses, thereby exacerbating system frequency fluctuations, reducing renewable energy utilization rates, and compromising grid security and stability. This study proposes a parameter optimization method based on deadband to enhance PFR accuracy and improve overall energy conservation and emission reduction benefits. First, the impact of different deadband settings on system frequency fluctuations is analyzed, and the frequency response process is decomposed to quantify its effects on frequency stability and renewable energy integration capacity. Subsequently, the PFR coefficient is modified and optimized with maximum frequency deviation as the objective, thereby strengthening the frequency response capability of renewable energy. Simulation results demonstrate that the modified PFR coefficients reduce the maximum frequency deviation of wind–solar–storage systems by 0.0026 Hz, 0.0036 Hz, and 0.0034 Hz, respectively. This effectively elevates renewable energy integration levels and enhances the low-carbon stability of power system operations.