Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening Criteria in Kurdistan Region

Background and objective: Retinopathy of Prematurity is a retinal vascular and capillary proliferation disease affecting premature infants undergoing oxygen therapy—the current study aimed to introduce adjusted screening criteria for children in the Kurdistan region. Methods: A retrospective review of medical records was conducted to analyze patients who underwent Retinopathy of Prematurity screenings in the Kurdistan region (Duhok Eye Hospital) between 01.01.2019 and 30.03.2023. The screening procedure involved pupil dilation using 1.25% phenylephrine ophthalmic solution and 1% tropicamide. Examinations were conducted using indirect ophthalmoscopy. To optimize screening and ensure timely treatment, three criteria were applied to all 500 babies based on gestational age and birth weight: 33-35 weeks and/or 2500-3000 g, 31-33 weeks and/or 2100-2500 g, and ? 31 weeks and/or ? 2100 g. Results: This study demonstrates a noteworthy association between gestational age and retinopathy of prematurity prevalence. Among neonates born at or before 31 weeks, 81.90% developed retinopathy of prematurity, while only 18.10% did not. For neonates delivered at 32-33 weeks, 27.37% experienced retinopathy of prematurity, with 72.63% avoiding it. At 34-35 weeks, 11.11% experienced retinopathy of prematurity, 88.89% did not. The data also reveals a relationship between birth weight and the requirement for retinopathy of prematurity treatment. Among neonates with a birth weight of less than 2100 grams, a substantial 56.27% required treatment, while 43.73% did not. Conclusions: The study underscores the importance of tailored screening and intervention strategies for retinopathy of prematurity, especially in the vulnerable in the Kurdistan region.