An Assessment of Sanitation Facilities, Hygiene Practices, and Socio-Economic Status of Slum Dwellers: A Case Study of Rupnarayan Chak, Haldia

Rapid urbanization has led to the proliferation of slums, creating significant challenges for sustainable urban development and public health. This study examines the socio economic conditions and sanitation status of the Rupnarayan Chak slum, located in the Haldia industrial belt of Purba Medinipur, West Bengal. The primary objectives were to assess water and sanitation facilities, hygiene practices, and the overall impact of these factors on the health and socioeconomic well-being of the residents. The research findings reveal a predominantly poor housing environment, with 56.25% of dwellings classified as semi-pucca and 43.75% as kacha structures. While electricity access is relatively high at 88.75%, the community faces critical challenges regarding drainage, sewage facilities, and clean drinking water. Socio economic analysis indicates that a significant portion of the population has reached secondary (26.05%) and higher secondary (21.83%) education levels, yet only 9% are graduates. Low income and poor living conditions have contributed to widespread malnutrition among women and children, as well as a high prevalence of water-borne and respiratory diseases. The study concludes that the lack of proper sanitation and basic amenities directly degrades the quality of life and health of the slum dwellers. It recommends urgent governmental and non-governmental interventions to improve housing, sanitation management, and access to healthcare to foster a more sustainable and equitable urban environment.