Anthropometric Comparison of the Cephalic Indices of Ikwerre and Igbo Ethnic Groups in Rivers State, Nigeria

Anthropometric evaluation of cranial dimensions provides valuable information for understanding population variation, forensic identification, and clinical applications. This study aimed to analyze and compare the cephalic index and selected anthropometric parameters among Ikwerre and Igbo ethnic groups in Nigeria, with emphasis on sex-related and ethnic differences. A cross-sectional descriptive study design was adopted, involving a total of 100 adult participants selected through simple random sampling. The sample comprised 50 Ikwerre (25 males and 25 females) and 50 Igbo (25 males and 25 females) individuals. Standard anthropometric instruments were used to measure head length, head width, height, and body weight, from which the cephalic index was calculated. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent sample t-tests, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Among female participants, Ikwerre females exhibited significantly higher mean body weight and head width compared with Igbo females, while age, height, head length, and cephalic index showed no statistically significant differences. In male participants, no significant differences were observed between Ikwerre and Igbo groups across all measured anthropometric and cranial parameters. Descriptively, higher mean cephalic index values were observed in Ikwerre females and Igbo males; however, these differences were not statistically significant. Overall, the cephalic index values in both ethnic groups predominantly fell within the brachycephalic to hyperbrachycephalic range. In conclusion, the findings indicate that Ikwerre and Igbo populations share largely similar cranial morphology, with minimal ethnic variation in head shape. The observed differences were limited to specific parameters and did not significantly affect overall cephalic index classification. This study provides baseline cranial anthropometric data that may be useful in anthropology, forensic science, and clinical practice within the Nigerian population.