UpToDate on eosinophils
This review describes the eosinophil journey through the various physiological and pathophysiological phases, from production, maturation, and activation by chemokines and cytokines [especially eotaxin, interleukin (IL)-5, IL-3, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)], to interaction with the innate and adaptive immune system and tissue homing. Excessive production and activation of eosinophils lead to the release of granule proteins, such as major basic protein, eosinophil cationic protein, eosinophil peroxidase, and others, resulting in inflammation, cell cytotoxicity, and oxidative stress. The pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic processes, and the latest therapeutic approaches to the resulting diseases—which affect the upper and lower airways, gastrointestinal tract, skin, myocardium, and may occur systemically—are discussed.
Authors
- T. Zuberbier
- Pongsakorn Tantilipikorn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1995-4798)
- Graziella Chiara Prezzavento (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0234-7011)
- ROBERTO G CARBONE
- Franziska Roth-Walter
- Eva Rebelo Gomes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8956-9145)
- G. Paoletti
- Giuseppe Murdaca (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6403-6905)
- Dichapong Kanjanawasee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2681-2958)
- Camilla De Vitis
- M. Rijavec
- Willem van de Veen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9951-6688)
- Nathachit Limjunyawong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9540-6171)
- Federica Buta
- M. Morais-Almeida
- Mario Di Gioacchino
- Francesco Puppo
- Ana Margarida Pereira
- Vincenzo Patella
- Nikoletta Rovina
- Arzu Yorgancıoğlu
- Nelson Rosario Filho
- Diego Bagnasco
- Garry Michael Walsh
- Giorgio Walter Canonica
- Jayoung Oh
- Giuseppe Guida
- Linhong Deng
- Chae-Seo Rhee
- Mario Cazzola
- Erminia Ridolo
- Fulvio Braido
- Pasquale Caponnetto
- Mauro Maniscalco
Institutions
- University of Rome Tor Vergata (IT)
- University of Parma (IT)
- Siriraj Hospital (TH)
- Humanitas University (IT)
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna (AT)
- Manisa Celal Bayar University (TR)
- University of Aberdeen (GB)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Mahidol University (TH)
- Seoul National University Hospital (KR)
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (KR)
- University of Catania (IT)
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE)
- Ospedale San Paolo (IT)
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri (IT)
- CUF Porto Hospital (PT)
- University Clinic of Pulmonary and Allergic Diseases Golnik (SI)
- Hospital de Santo António (PT)
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (IT)
- Azienda USL di Pescara (IT)
- Changzhou University (CN)
- Centro Hospitalar do Porto (PT)
- Ospedale San Luigi Gonzaga (IT)
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital (IT)
- Hospital do Desterro (PT)
- Sotiria General Hospital (GR)
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (BR)
- University of Naples Federico II (IT)
- University of Genoa (IT)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Exploration of Asthma & Allergy
- Published
- 2026-03-02
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2026.1009111
- Primary Topic
- Eosinophilic Disorders and Syndromes
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00