Protective antigens hidden in the bovine Clostridium vaccine

ESBP and YnjE exhibited favorable immunogenicity and immune protection in a mouse model. These findings, derived from the mouse model, highlight the great potential of ESBP and YnjE as key candidate antigens for the development of novel vaccines, and provide important experimental evidence for the antigen design and optimization of <i>C.perfringens</i> vaccines. These conclusions need to be further validated by in-farm animal trials.