Trunk repositioning sense, balance, and reaction time, in people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a cross-sectional study

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a common neuro-developmental disorder, manifests deficits in motor skills and executive function. ADHD symptoms increase postural instability, with its effect on balance and reaction time yet to be explored in ADHD. This study aimed to compare trunk repositioning sense, balance, and reaction time between individuals with ADHD and age- and gender-matched controls. A cross-sectional study using convenience sampling was conducted with 46 participants (23 with ADHD and 23 age- and gender-matched children). Trunk repositioning sense was assessed using the Clinometer Application, balance using the Modified Timed Up and Go test, and reaction time using the online reaction time test. There was a significant difference observed between ADHD and age-gender-matched children for trunk repositioning sense (p = 0.001), balance (p = 0.000) and reaction time (p = 0.000) using Mann Whitney U test. Further exploration in ADHD children revealed a significant positive correlation between balance and trunk repositioning sense (r = 0.712, p = 0.000). Children with ADHD demonstrated reduced performance in trunk repositioning sense, balance, and reaction time. There was an association between trunk repositioning sense and balance in ADHD children.