Identification of preschool children's physical fitness phenotypes and their association with multidimensional body shape indicators: a data-driven approach with risk prediction modeling

This study confirms that preschool children's physical fitness develops in distinct, internally coherent profiles, closely associated with body morphology. The composite index based on waist circumference and pelvic width-among other measures-proves more effective than BMI alone in identifying children at risk of low fitness. It offers a practical tool for rapid, early screening during routine health checks and supports targeted physical activity interventions.