State of the science and research opportunities on dietary patterns in endometriosis and uterine fibroids

Endometriosis and fibroids are prevalent uterine conditions. Mechanisms for both conditions—immune dysfunction, inflammation, and sex hormone dysfunction—are plausibly influenced by diet. Here, we review the epidemiology and pathophysiology, and synthesize evidence on dietary patterns, endometriosis and uterine fibroid prevalence, risk, and symptomology. The evidence (12 studies) suggests that low-quality diets (ultra-processed) are associated with higher rates of both conditions, and high-quality diets are associated with lower symptom burden.