Geological and Hydrogeochemical Assessment of Groundwater Quality and Fluoride Concentration in Hong and Environs, North-East Nigeria

This study investigates the geological and hydrogeological factors influencing groundwater quality in the Hong Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria, with a particular focus on fluorosis prevalence. The research aims to evaluate the relationship between geological formations, water quality parameters, and the occurrence of fluorosis in the study area. Field surveys and laboratory analyses were conducted to assess various physical and chemical parameters of groundwater, including pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, fluoride concentration, and major elemental composition. The results reveal a significant correlation between fluoride levels in groundwater and the presence of fine-grained granite, coarse-grained granite, and migmatite gneiss formations. Elevated fluoride concentrations were observed in areas with higher concentrations of these rock types, contributing to the prevalence of fluorosis among local residents. Additionally, the study provides insights into the distribution of other major elements and their potential implications for water quality and human health. The findings underscore the importance of understanding geological factors in assessing groundwater quality and highlight the need for effective management strategies to mitigate fluorosis and ensure access to safe drinking water in the study area.